What is the difference between ear and cpr

The most important factors that influence whether a person will survive cardiac arrest and return to normal life after hospital discharge are early initiation of CPR and early defibrillation. Usually in television or film, CPR is done on a young, relatively healthy person, sometimes someone who has suffered a serious injury.

In reality, most people who need CPR are older adults who often have many serious underlying illnesses. These people are much less likely to have a good outcome after CPR. Also, CPR is rarely effective if the cause of cardiac arrest is a traumatic injury. In television and film, the person either dies or recovers fully. In reality, many people who survive cardiac arrest have serious disabilities as a result of the lack of blood flow to the brain.

Standard CPR combines rescue breathing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to supply oxygen to the lungs with chest compressions that force oxygen-containing blood out of the heart to the brain and other vital organs. The sequence of CPR begins with 30 chest compressions, followed by 2 rescue breaths, and continues in a ratio of until the rescuer is relieved by emergency personnel.

Chest compressions can quickly tire a person, resulting in compressions that are too weak to circulate blood effectively. Thus, if two or more rescuers are present, they should switch every 2 minutes, or sooner if the rescuer performing compressions begins to feel tired.

To do chest compressions in an adult or child, the rescuer lays the person face up, rolling the head, body, and limbs at the same time. The rescuer extends his or her arms and "locks" them straight at the elbows, leans over the person, and places both hands, one on top of the other, in the center of the chest between the nipples on the breastbone.

The rescuer then compresses the chest to a depth of at least 2 inches 5 centimeters in adults. In children, the rescuer compresses the chest about 2 inches 5 centimeters , and may need to use only one hand to compress in a smaller child. Alternatively, trained rescuers may choose to encircle the infant's chest with two hands and do compressions with their thumbs.

After doing 30 compressions, the rescuer tilts the person's head back slightly and lifts the chin, which moves the tongue away from blocking the airway. The rescuer then pinches the person's nose shut, takes a normal breath, seals the mouth over the person's mouth, and blows into the person's mouth for long enough to make the person's chest just rise about 1 second.

This is repeated a second time, followed immediately by another 30 compressions. To do rescue breaths, the rescuer first looks in the mouth and throat for any visible objects that may be blocking the airway and, if any are present, removes them. The rescuer then opens the airway by tilting the person's head and lifting the chin see figure Opening an Airway in an Adult Opening an Airway in an Adult or Child Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops pumping blood and oxygen to the brain and other organs and tissues.

The rescuer's mouth covers the person's mouth and then the rescuer exhales air into the person's lungs rescue breaths. The person's airway must remain open during artificial respiration.

To prevent air from escaping from the person's nose, the person's nose can be pinched shut as the rescuer exhales into the mouth. Artificial respiration is very similar in children and adults. For artificial respiration on an infant, the rescuer's mouth covers the infant's mouth and nose.

To prevent damaging the infant's smaller lungs, the rescuer exhales with less force than with adults. If the chest rises, the rescuer should give two deep, slow breaths. Failure of the chest to rise after properly delivering rescue breaths indicates that the infant's airway is blocked, but CPR should continue.

Standard CPR can be done by one person a single person alternately does rescue breaths and chest compressions or by two people one to do rescue breaths and one to do chest compressions.

In standard CPR, a single rescuer gives 30 compressions and then two breaths. If two rescuers are present, when children or infants need CPR, a ratio of is preferred, whereas in newborns, a rate of is recommended. Compressions are done at a rate of to times per minute in people of all ages.

CPR is continued until medical assistance arrives or the person recovers. Compression-only sometimes called hands-only CPR involves giving continuous chest compressions without rescue breathing.

Compression-only CPR is recommended when the rescuer does not have training in standard CPR or is unable or unwilling to do rescue breathing. For infants, children, and people in whom the cause of cardiac arrest seems to be from stopping breathing, such as those who have drowned, standard CPR with rescue breaths is preferred. However, if rescuers are unwilling or unable to do artificial respiration, they should still do compression-only CPR even on people who are thought to have cardiac arrest due to a problem with breathing.

If this occurs, pause and reposition your hands before continuing or get someone else to take over. It can analyse abnormal heart rhythms and send an electric shock or pulse to get the heart to return to its normal pumping rhythm.

The pads must be attached to the skin and the machine turned on. There are different types of AEDs and some are available in public places such as shopping centres and schools. It is important to follow the prompts on the AED. Do not touch the person during analysis or shock delivery. If there is an emergency, knowing simple first aid can mean the difference between life and death.

Consider taking a first aid course. First aid training courses are available across Australia. A course typically takes a couple of hours and can be taken online or in person. Times are also flexible. Participants learn basic first aid skills including CPR and usually receive a certificate. Follow up refresher courses are recommended every 3 years.

Many organisations hold regular courses, ask your doctor or maternal and child health nurse for more information. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. The type of pain felt in the abdomen can vary greatly. Children may feel stomach pain for a range of reasons and may need treatment. Around 75 per cent of Melbourne's air pollution is caused by vehicle emissions. Severe allergic reactions anaphylaxis and asthma attacks need urgent emergency first aid.

In an emergency, always call triple zero Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that requires urgent medical attention.

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website.

If there is no breathing, commence EAR. C- Circulation. If the pulse is present, continue EAR and wait for help. If the pulse is absent, begin CPR. Turn the patient onto their back and open the airway by placing one hand on the forehead to tilt the head back. Only remove dentures if they are broken or loose. For babies, cover both the nose and mouth with your mouth.

Breathe steadily into the patient until you see the chest rise. Each breath should last about 1 to 2 seconds, with a pause in between to let the air flow back out. Watch the chest rise as you breathe in to ensure that your breaths are actually going into the lungs, and watch as the chest falls. Step 3. If the casualty has a pulse but is not breathing, continue EAR. Adults and older children need 1 breath every four seconds, 15 breaths per minute.

Babies need 1 breath every 3 seconds, 20 breaths per minute. Step 4. Recheck the pulse and breathing every two minutes.

Lie the patient completely flat on a firm surface. Kneel beside the patient. Position yourself midway between the chest and the head in order to move easily between compressions and breaths.

For adults: Keep your shoulders directly over your hands and keep your arms straight. Lean the weight of your upper body onto your hands to compress the chest. Each compression lasts less than one second. After each compression, release the pressure on the chest without losing contact with it and allow the chest to return to its normal position before starting the next compression.